Improvement in temporary binders



any suitably stiff material.

.TATES WILLIAM H. RUSSELL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

EMPRUVEWIENT lb! TEMPQRARV BENUERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. Hilh'fidfi, dated July 3, 1877; application filed April 13, 1877.

To all whom'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. RUssnLL, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain Improve ments in Temporary or Permanent Binders, of which the following is a specification:

The object of my invention is to produce a cheap and simple binding device, capable of being used and applied by any one, which will be at least as durable as the best class of book-binding, and which may be used as a temporary or permanent binder, as desired.

The invention consists, essentially, in providing an ordinary folio or cover with a stub or stubs flexibly hinged thereto, the said stub or stubs being provided with suitable fasten ers, whereby the sheets to be bound are attached thereto. It also consists in the various details of the binder, all of which will he hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings, Figure l is an end view of my improved binder. Fig. 2 is an elevation showing the stub attached to one side of the cover. Fig. 3 is an elevation showing the stub attached to the other side of the cover. Fig. 4 is a front view. Fig. 5 is a modification. l

Let A represent the flexible back, and B B the sides, of an ordinary folio or book-cover. This may be made of any size, shape, or style required. 0 is a stub, which may be made of Thin brass or other sheet metal covered with muslin an swers the purpose-very well. The muslin covering serves to form aflexible hinge, D, to connect the stub with the side B of the folio.

Each sideis shown as provided with one of these flexible hinged stubs.

I prefer to use two or more fastening-points, the number depending gcnerallyupon the size of the folio. The stubs are peribrated at each fastening-point, the perforation being preferably made to conform in shape to that of the fastener used. The fastener E is flat, and pointed at onejend, the other end being preferably provided with a T-head. These fast cners are made of tough flexible annealed. steel, capable of being bent back and forth a great many "times without breaking; at the some time, being placed with their edges toward the back of the book, great rigidity is ter the number is impaled and the stub re- I placed on the points, the fasteners are again bent down, the bend being at a different place each time. After all the numbers are in, if it is desired to retain it as a permanent binding, the points of the fasteners may be bent back over the sheaths G, and clinched down tightly thereupon.

For convenience and strength I prefer that the stub'G be continuous; but it might all he removed except a portion of su'liicient length at each fastening-point.

' In Fig. 5 I have shown a modification of my invention, as abovodescribed. In this form I the stub U is of metal, hinged at D to another plate of metal, attached by screws or rivets to the side 13.. in this case, for convenience, the sheath G- may be formed onand from the same piece as the stub U, and bent over, as shown. The point of the fastening must be sprung sidewise, so that it can he slipped under it. Although the fastenings shown are represented us flat, they need not be so. They may be round, square, or of any suitable form.

The advantages of my invention are, that the matter to be bound is tightly clasped between the st-ubs O, and these stubs are strongly connected with the sides B B by means of flexible hinges. This construction permits the sides to be thrown open as far and as often as necessarywithont in the least affecting the in tcgrity of the fastening, as no part of the same is connected with or attached to the sides, except through the flexible hinge.

The points of the fasteners are preferably made quite sharp, so as to be able to penetrate the matter to be bound without the "traces sity of first making holes. if the matter is too thick for this it can, of course, be punched.

The filing of the matter to be bound may be at the front or back. If the matter consists of .consecutive; numbers of aperiodical, of course the filing would take place at the back. With music/it might be the reverse.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim asnew is- I I i r 111 oombination with the stubs C 0', the fast finer Eugene of some suitable flexible mater waxes rial, and the sheath Gr, all arranged as and.

witnesses.

WM. H. RUSSELL.

. l Wit es s'eszt ENRY OONNETT, ARTHUR O. FRASER. 

